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Roman Numeral Converter

Convert a number to a Roman numeral, or a Roman numeral to a number, for values from 1 to 3999.

Roman numerals
Type a number (1 to 3999) or a Roman numeral.

Result
MMXXIV
2,024 = MMXXIV
Equation
Number to Roman numeral
Conversion

Private: Everything runs in this page. Nothing you type is sent anywhere or saved.

Updated

On this page
  1. Roman numeral examples
  2. Formula
  3. How the roman numerals works
  4. What this tool does not do
  5. Frequently asked questions
  6. Related tools

Roman numeral examples

NumberRoman numeral
4IV
9IX
14XIV
40XL
90XC
400CD
1994MCMXCIV
2024MMXXIV
3999MMMCMXCIX

Formula

I=1 V=5 X=10 L=50 C=100 D=500 M=1000; a smaller symbol before a larger one is subtracted

How the roman numerals works

  1. Step oneType a number from 1 to 3999, or a Roman numeral such as MCMXCIV.
  2. Step twoThe tool detects which one you typed.
  3. Step threeRead the result. Invalid numerals such as IIII are explained, not guessed.

What this tool does not do

  • It covers 1 to 3999 in standard form; there is no zero and no fractions.
  • It rejects forms such as IIII that are not standard.
  • It does not convert dates into any calendar.

Frequently asked questions

Why does the tool stop at 3999?

The standard form uses M for a thousand and has no symbol above it, so MMMCMXCIX (3999) is the largest value it can write.

Is IIII accepted for 4?

No. The standard form writes 4 as IV. Clock faces sometimes show IIII, but this tool follows the standard rules.

How are 9, 40 and 90 written?

With subtraction: IX for 9, XL for 40 and XC for 90.